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Q.1Q.2Q.3Q.4Q.1 According to the passage, the phenomenon it describesQ.2Accordingtothepassage,speciescollectivelycalledannualcicadasQ.3 According to the passage, some researchers sayQ.4 According to the passage,12isobservedonlyinnorthernpartsoftheU.S.is observed at any given place in North America.1.2. 3. occurs exclusively in eastern North America.4. rarely occurs other than in North America.1. have short lifespans compared to other insects.2. have evolved in such a way that they can avoid interbreeding with other cicada species.3. can be seen in their adult form throughout the year.4.aresocalledbecausetheirlifecyclesaredifferentfromthoseofperiod-ical types.1.atmospherictemperaturesalongtimeagomayhavehelpedlengthenthe nymphal period of periodical cicadas.2. we are very close to solving the mysteries of the unique life cycles of periodical cicadas.3.thefactthatthelifespansofperiodicalcicadasareprimenumbers13and17hasnopracticaladvantageforthecicadas.4.“predatorsatiation”hasbeenobservedonlyinperiodicalcicadasinNorth America.1. periodical cicadas appear above the ground in their adult form.2. it is not uncommon for insects other than cicada species to live as long as periodical cicadas.3. periodical cicadas’ synchronous development leads to the high density oftheirpopulation.4.themassemergenceofperiodicalcicadasalsohassomenegativeef-fects on their survival.